The National Health Service (NHS) is one of the biggest differences Nigerians and Africans notice when moving to the UK. Most services are free at the point of use for eligible residents, but the system works very differently from private hospitals back home. Many new arrivals wait until they’re sick to figure it out, which makes a stressful situation worse.
Here’s how to get set up and use the NHS properly.
Register With a GP Early
A GP (general practitioner) is your family doctor and your main entry point to NHS care. Register as soon as you have an address, even if you’re healthy. The NHS website lets you find GP surgeries near you and explains how to register.
What to know:
- You can usually register without proof of address or immigration status, although practices may ask for documents
- Registration is free
- Choose a surgery close to home
- Register every family member, including children
How GP Appointments Work
You typically book appointments by phone, online or through the NHS App. Many first appointments are phone or video consultations. If needed, your GP can refer you to specialists, order tests or prescribe medication.
Waiting times vary. Explain your symptoms clearly so urgent issues are prioritised.
Other NHS Services
NHS 111: For urgent medical advice when it’s not a life-threatening emergency. Available by phone or online.
Pharmacies: Pharmacists can advise on minor illnesses and some conditions without a GP appointment.
Urgent treatment centres: For injuries or illnesses that need prompt attention but aren’t emergencies.
A&E and 999: For life-threatening emergencies such as chest pain, severe bleeding, difficulty breathing or signs of stroke.
Using the right service saves time and keeps emergency departments available for real emergencies.
Prescriptions
In England, most adults pay a fixed charge per prescription item, with exemptions for groups such as children, older people and people with certain conditions. Prepayment certificates can save money if you need regular medication. Prescriptions are free in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The Immigration Health Surcharge
Many visa holders pay the Immigration Health Surcharge as part of their visa application. This gives access to NHS services on broadly the same basis as residents, though some costs still apply, such as prescriptions in England, dental treatment and eye tests.
What the NHS Doesn’t Fully Cover
- Most adult dental care involves charges
- Eye tests and glasses usually cost money for adults
- Some fertility treatment and cosmetic procedures
- Private care for faster access
Cultural Adjustments
Nigerians used to walking into hospitals and seeing specialists directly may find the GP referral system slow. Doctors may also be less likely to prescribe antibiotics or injections for minor illnesses. This reflects clinical guidelines, not lack of care.
Speak up if you feel unheard. Ask questions, describe your symptoms clearly and request an interpreter if needed.
Bring Your Medical History
Bring copies of your medical records, vaccination history and details of any long-term conditions or medication from Nigeria. This helps your GP understand your health background.
Children’s Health
Register children with a GP and ensure their vaccinations are up to date according to the UK schedule. Health visitors support families with young children.
Mental Health Support
The NHS offers talking therapies and mental health services, often through GP referral or self-referral in England. Don’t hesitate to use them if you’re struggling.
Download the NHS App
Once registered, the NHS App lets you book appointments, order repeat prescriptions and view parts of your health record. It makes managing care much easier, especially for busy families juggling work and school runs.
Final Thoughts
The NHS works best when you understand it. Register with a GP early, learn which service to use when, keep your records organised and advocate for yourself. Good health is the foundation of a successful life abroad.