A leaking ceiling that never gets fixed. Heating that fails in December. A landlord who ignores messages but never misses collecting rent. Many African tenants abroad put up with these situations for months, unsure what to do or afraid of being evicted.
You don’t have to suffer in silence. Here’s how to handle a bad landlord step by step.
Step 1: Know What Your Landlord Must Fix
In most countries, landlords are responsible for major repairs, including:
- Heating and hot water
- Plumbing and drainage
- Electrical wiring and safety
- Roof, walls, windows and structure
- Serious damp and mould caused by building defects
- Gas safety
Tenants are usually responsible for minor issues like changing light bulbs and damage they cause.
Step 2: Report the Problem in Writing
Always report repairs in writing, by email or through an official portal. Include:
- A clear description of the problem
- When it started
- How it affects you
- Photos or videos
- A request for a repair date
Keep copies. Phone calls and WhatsApp voice notes are hard to prove later.
Step 3: Give Reasonable Time
Emergencies like no heating in winter, gas leaks or flooding need urgent action. Less serious repairs may reasonably take longer. Follow up in writing if nothing happens within a reasonable time.
Step 4: Keep Paying Rent
It’s tempting to withhold rent until repairs are done, but in many places this can put you at risk of eviction. Continue paying unless you’ve received legal advice that a specific procedure allows otherwise.
Step 5: Contact the Authorities
If your landlord still doesn’t act, local authorities may be able to inspect the property and order repairs:
- UK: Local council environmental health or private housing teams
- US: Local housing code enforcement or health departments
- Canada: Municipal property standards offices and provincial tenant boards
In the US, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides resources and links to local tenant help. Other countries have equivalent housing agencies.
Step 6: Get Free Advice
Tenant unions, housing charities, legal aid clinics and community legal services can explain your rights and options, including compensation claims and formal complaints.
Step 7: Consider Formal Action
Depending on your location, you may be able to apply to a tribunal or court for repairs, compensation or rent reductions. Get advice before starting formal proceedings.
Handling Deposit Disputes
When moving out, landlords may try to keep deposits unfairly. Protect yourself:
- Take detailed photos and videos when moving in and out
- Keep the inventory and check-out reports
- Clean the property thoroughly
- Challenge unfair deductions through deposit protection schemes or tribunals where available
Protect Yourself From Retaliation
Some landlords respond to repair requests with eviction threats. In some places, retaliatory evictions are restricted. Keep evidence of your repair requests and seek advice immediately if threatened.
Know When to Move On
Sometimes the best solution is to leave. If your landlord is consistently hostile or the property is unsafe, plan your exit while keeping records in case you need to pursue compensation later.
Look After Your Health in the Meantime
Mould, cold and damp can affect breathing, especially for children and people with asthma. While waiting for repairs, ventilate rooms, wipe condensation and use temporary heaters safely. If family members’ health is affected, ask your doctor to note it. A medical letter can strengthen your complaint and push authorities to act faster. Keep copies of all medical appointments related to the housing conditions.
Final Thoughts
You pay for a safe, well-maintained home. Report problems in writing, keep records, keep paying rent, involve authorities when needed and seek free advice. Standing up for your rights protects your family and discourages landlords from exploiting other tenants.